一、案例警示

　　1、 Case Warning

　　四川彭州市應(yīng)急管理局通報(bào)，2024年4月13日下午，彭州市麗春鎮(zhèn)一養(yǎng)豬場發(fā)生化糞池氣體中毒事故。事發(fā)后，應(yīng)急、消防、衛(wèi)健、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村等相關(guān)部門赴現(xiàn)場開展救援，7人已全部搜救出池。其中，4人經(jīng)現(xiàn)場搶救無效死亡，3人送醫(yī)院救治無效死亡。目前，事故原因正在進(jìn)一步調(diào)查中。

　　The Emergency Management Bureau of Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province reported that on the afternoon of April 13, 2024, a pig farm in Lichun Town, Pengzhou City, experienced a septic tank gas poisoning accident. After the incident, relevant departments such as emergency, fire, health, agriculture and rural areas went to the scene to carry out rescue operations, and all 7 people have been rescued from the pool. Among them, 4 people died despite on-site rescue efforts, and 3 people died despite being sent to the hospital for treatment. At present, the cause of the accident is under further investigation.

　　二、清掏化糞池如何預(yù)防沼氣中毒?

　　2、 How to prevent biogas poisoning by cleaning septic tanks?

　　長時(shí)間使用的戶用沼氣池池底或池壁會(huì)積聚雜物，影響沼氣的產(chǎn)生，甚至引發(fā)安全問題。通常每3個(gè)月進(jìn)行小清理，每年進(jìn)行一次大清理。在大清理時(shí)，要清除70%的底部淤泥，保留30%作為新一輪沼氣發(fā)酵的啟動(dòng)物質(zhì)。在進(jìn)行大清理的前20—30天內(nèi)停止投料，并準(zhǔn)備好足夠的新鮮原料。此外，大清理時(shí)應(yīng)保持沼氣池的溫度在10℃以上。除渣清理必須請(qǐng)專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行，嚴(yán)禁農(nóng)戶自行清理。

　　Long term use of household biogas digesters can accumulate debris at the bottom or walls, affecting the production of biogas and even causing safety issues. Usually, a small cleaning is carried out every 3 months, and a major cleaning is conducted once a year. During the large-scale cleaning, 70% of the bottom sludge should be removed, and 30% should be retained as the starting material for a new round of biogas fermentation. Stop feeding within 20-30 days before the major cleaning and prepare sufficient fresh raw materials. In addition, during the large-scale cleaning, the temperature of the biogas digester should be kept above 10 ℃. Professional personnel must be hired for slag removal and cleaning, and farmers are strictly prohibited from cleaning on their own.

　　1.開池通風(fēng)

　　1. Open the pool for ventilation

　　進(jìn)池前，先打開活動(dòng)頂蓋，抽盡池內(nèi)渣液，并將進(jìn)料口、出料口、活動(dòng)蓋口全部敞開通風(fēng)。

　　Before entering the pool, first open the movable top cover, extract all the slag from the pool, and open all the inlet, outlet, and movable cover for ventilation.

　　2.人員入池前要先做動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)

　　2. Before personnel enter the pool, animal experiments must be conducted first

　　池內(nèi)通風(fēng)幾天后，將雞、鴨、兔等小動(dòng)物綁好放入籃子中，用繩子系好，放入沼氣池中進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。如果試驗(yàn)小動(dòng)物沒有出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)，人員可入池工作。如果小動(dòng)物反應(yīng)異常，則要繼續(xù)通風(fēng)換氣，直到小動(dòng)物反應(yīng)正常，不再有危險(xiǎn)，人員才可進(jìn)入池內(nèi)作業(yè)。

　　After a few days of ventilation in the pool, tie up small animals such as chickens, ducks, and rabbits, put them in baskets, tie them with ropes, and put them into the biogas digester for testing. If there are no adverse reactions in the experimental animals, personnel can enter the pool to work. If small animals have abnormal reactions, ventilation should continue until they react normally and there is no longer any danger before personnel can enter the pool for work.

　　3.嚴(yán)禁用明火照明

　　3. It is strictly prohibited to use open flames for lighting

　　在進(jìn)入沼氣池維修時(shí)，池中不得用蠟燭等明火照明。應(yīng)用手電筒或日光燈在池內(nèi)照明，以免池中殘存沼氣遇明火發(fā)生爆炸。

　　When entering the biogas digester for maintenance, candles or other open flames should not be used for lighting in the digester. Use flashlights or fluorescent lamps to illuminate the pool to prevent residual biogas from exploding when exposed to open flames.

　　4.做好入池防護(hù)工作

　　4. Do a good job in pool protection

　　留一兩個(gè)人在外面監(jiān)護(hù)，入池的人最好佩戴防毒面具，并且最好在腰間捆綁繩索，另一端留給井外的監(jiān)護(hù)人，做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備再下池工作。入池作業(yè)人員要穿膠鞋、戴手套，以免皮膚接觸沼氣池糞液。并用繩索把人池人員身體系牢，繩索另一端系重物，要有專人看管。

　　Leave one or two people outside to supervise. It is best for those entering the pool to wear gas masks and tie ropes around their waist. The other end should be left for the guardian outside the well, and they should be fully prepared before entering the pool to work. Personnel entering the biogas digester should wear rubber shoes and gloves to prevent skin contact with the digester manure. And use ropes to secure the bodies of the personnel in the human pool, with heavy objects tied to the other end of the rope, which must be supervised by a dedicated person.

　　5.池內(nèi)作業(yè)時(shí)間不宜過長

　　5. The working time in the pool should not be too long

　　在出料和維修時(shí)，除有專人看護(hù)外，還要注意適時(shí)替換池內(nèi)作業(yè)人員，以免一人作業(yè)時(shí)間過長而導(dǎo)致中毒。

　　During material discharge and maintenance, in addition to having a dedicated person to supervise, it is also important to replace the pool workers in a timely manner to avoid poisoning caused by one person working for too long.

　　6.禁止含磷物質(zhì)入池

　　6. Prohibit the entry of phosphorus containing substances into the pool

　　嚴(yán)禁將菜子餅、棉子餅、骨粉和各種磷肥投入沼氣池內(nèi)。在密閉的條件下，上述物質(zhì)能產(chǎn)生有毒氣體磷化三氫，人接觸后極易中毒，甚至死亡。

　　It is strictly prohibited to put vegetable cakes, cotton cakes, bone meal, and various phosphate fertilizers into the biogas digester. Under sealed conditions, the above substances can produce toxic gas phosphide trihydrogen, which is highly susceptible to poisoning and even death when in contact with humans.

　　7.使用機(jī)具出料

　　7. Use machinery to discharge materials

　　沼氣池大換料、清除沉渣時(shí)，最好使用出料機(jī)具，盡量避免操作人員進(jìn)人池內(nèi)。

　　It is best to use discharge equipment when changing materials and removing sediment in the biogas digester, and try to avoid operators entering the digester as much as possible.

　　8.池內(nèi)人員若出現(xiàn)不適，應(yīng)迅速將中毒者移離(搶救人員必須佩戴有氧防護(hù)面罩)到空曠的地方，保持呼吸道的通暢，讓其能夠呼吸新鮮的空氣，如果中毒者沒有了脈搏和心跳，這時(shí)候則需要馬上對(duì)其進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇，救援的同時(shí)也不要忘了撥打120電話求助！

　　If the personnel in the pool feel uncomfortable, they should quickly move the poisoned person away (rescue personnel must wear aerobic protective masks) to an open area, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and allow them to breathe fresh air. If the poisoned person has no pulse or heartbeat, they need to undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately. At the same time, do not forget to call 120 for help!

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