生物脫硫：同樣是濕法衍生技術(shù)，為何有的無(wú)需漿液池？

　　Biological desulfurization: why do some wet derived technologies not require a slurry tank?

　　很多接觸過(guò)濕法脫硫的人都會(huì)有這樣的疑問(wèn)：同樣是濕法體系，鍋爐房脫硫塔旁邊，有的配有專(zhuān)門(mén)的漿液池，有的卻沒(méi)有蹤跡。其實(shí)這一差異，核心在于濕法脫硫的循環(huán)方式不同——塔內(nèi)循環(huán)無(wú)需漿液池，塔外循環(huán)則必須配套漿液池，而生物脫硫作為濕法脫硫的重要衍生技術(shù)，同樣存在類(lèi)似的差異的，卻又有著自身獨(dú)特的技術(shù)邏輯。不同于傳統(tǒng)濕法脫硫的酸堿中和，生物脫硫依托微生物的代謝作用去除硫化物，既保留了濕法脫硫的高效性，又解決了傳統(tǒng)濕法二次污染的痛點(diǎn)，而其是否需要配套漿液池，也與自身的工藝類(lèi)型密切相關(guān)，今天就詳細(xì)拆解生物脫硫的核心技術(shù)、工藝差異，解答“為何有的無(wú)需漿液池”的疑問(wèn)，帶大家讀懂生物脫硫的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)與實(shí)操邏輯。

　　Many people who have been exposed to wet desulfurization have this question: for the same wet system, some are equipped with dedicated slurry tanks next to the desulfurization tower in the boiler room, while others have no trace. In fact, the core of this difference lies in the different circulation methods of wet desulfurization - the internal circulation does not require a slurry pool, while the external circulation must be matched with a slurry pool. As an important derivative technology of wet desulfurization, biological desulfurization also has similar differences but its own unique technical logic. Unlike the acid-base neutralization of traditional wet flue gas desulfurization, biological desulfurization relies on the metabolic action of microorganisms to remove sulfides, which not only retains the high efficiency of wet flue gas desulfurization, but also solves the pain point of secondary pollution in traditional wet flue gas desulfurization. Whether it needs to be matched with a slurry tank is closely related to its own process type. Today, we will break down the core technology and process differences of biological desulfurization in detail, answer the question of "why some do not require a slurry tank", and take you to understand the unique advantages and practical logic of biological desulfurization.

　　首先要明確，生物脫硫的核心原理，與傳統(tǒng)濕法脫硫的酸堿中和有著本質(zhì)區(qū)別。它是利用特定微生物（如脫硫桿菌、硫氧化菌）的代謝活動(dòng)，將廢氣中的硫化物（如硫化氫）轉(zhuǎn)化為無(wú)害的硫單質(zhì)或硫酸鹽，整個(gè)過(guò)程無(wú)需添加大量堿性脫硫劑，更環(huán)保、更節(jié)能，也是目前備受推崇的綠色脫硫技術(shù)。而生物脫硫作為濕法脫硫的衍生技術(shù)，同樣分為兩種核心工藝類(lèi)型，這也是其是否需要配套漿液池的關(guān)鍵所在。

　　Firstly, it should be clarified that the core principle of biological desulfurization is fundamentally different from the acid-base neutralization of traditional wet desulfurization. It utilizes the metabolic activity of specific microorganisms (such as desulfurizing bacteria and sulfur oxidizing bacteria) to convert sulfides (such as hydrogen sulfide) in exhaust gas into harmless elemental sulfur or sulfate. The entire process does not require the addition of a large amount of alkaline desulfurizer, making it more environmentally friendly and energy-saving. It is also currently highly regarded as a green desulfurization technology. As a derivative technology of wet desulfurization, biological desulfurization can also be divided into two core process types, which is the key to whether it needs to be matched with a slurry tank.

　　生物脫硫的第一種工藝的是生物膜法脫硫，這種工藝無(wú)需配套漿液池，類(lèi)似于濕法脫硫中的塔內(nèi)循環(huán)模式。其核心邏輯是將脫硫微生物固定在脫硫塔內(nèi)的填料表面，形成一層致密的生物膜，廢氣（如沼氣、工業(yè)尾氣）從塔底進(jìn)入，與塔內(nèi)噴淋的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液充分接觸，硫化物被生物膜上的微生物捕獲、代謝，實(shí)現(xiàn)脫硫目的。整個(gè)過(guò)程中，營(yíng)養(yǎng)液在塔內(nèi)循環(huán)使用，無(wú)需引出塔外，因此不需要額外建設(shè)漿液池。

　　The first process of biological desulfurization is biofilm desulfurization, which does not require a matching slurry tank and is similar to the tower circulation mode in wet desulfurization. The core logic is to fix desulfurization microorganisms on the surface of the packing in the desulfurization tower, forming a dense biofilm. Waste gas (such as biogas and industrial exhaust gas) enters from the bottom of the tower and fully contacts with the nutrient solution sprayed inside the tower. Sulfides are captured and metabolized by microorganisms on the biofilm, achieving the purpose of desulfurization. Throughout the entire process, the nutrient solution is circulated inside the tower without the need to be drawn out, so there is no need to construct an additional slurry tank.

　　這種無(wú)漿液池的生物膜法脫硫，優(yōu)勢(shì)十分突出。一方面，它占地空間小，無(wú)需額外規(guī)劃漿液池的用地，尤其適合場(chǎng)地有限的企業(yè)；另一方面，營(yíng)養(yǎng)液循環(huán)封閉進(jìn)行，水質(zhì)不易受到外界污染，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)，設(shè)備損耗小、使用壽命長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)節(jié)省了漿液儲(chǔ)存、輸送的相關(guān)成本。但它也存在一定的局限性，與塔內(nèi)循環(huán)類(lèi)似，由于營(yíng)養(yǎng)液和生物膜均在塔內(nèi)，無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)在線維護(hù)，一旦設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障或需要更換填料、檢修微生物，就必須停機(jī)操作，會(huì)在一定程度上影響生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度。

　　This biofilm desulfurization method without slurry pool has outstanding advantages. On the one hand, it occupies a small space and does not require additional planning of the land for the slurry tank, especially suitable for enterprises with limited space; On the other hand, the nutrient solution is circulated in a closed manner, which makes the water quality less susceptible to external pollution, has strong operational stability, low equipment loss, long service life, and saves the related costs of slurry storage and transportation. But it also has certain limitations, similar to the circulation inside the tower. Due to the presence of nutrient solution and biofilm inside the tower, online maintenance cannot be achieved. Once the equipment malfunctions or requires replacement of packing or maintenance of microorganisms, it must be shut down, which will affect the production progress to a certain extent.

　　這里補(bǔ)充一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：生物膜法脫硫中，微生物的活性是核心，營(yíng)養(yǎng)液的配比需精準(zhǔn)控制，確保微生物的代謝需求，同時(shí)要定期監(jiān)測(cè)生物膜的厚度和活性，避免生物膜脫落影響脫硫效率。這種工藝適合硫化物濃度適中、場(chǎng)地有限、對(duì)連續(xù)運(yùn)行要求不極致的場(chǎng)景，如小型沼氣利用項(xiàng)目、中小型工業(yè)尾氣處理等。

　　Here is an additional professional knowledge point: in biofilm desulfurization, the activity of microorganisms is the core, and the ratio of nutrient solution needs to be precisely controlled to ensure the metabolic needs of microorganisms. At the same time, the thickness and activity of the biofilm should be regularly monitored to avoid biofilm detachment affecting desulfurization efficiency. This process is suitable for scenarios where the concentration of sulfides is moderate, the site is limited, and the requirements for continuous operation are not extreme, such as small-scale biogas utilization projects, small and medium-sized industrial exhaust gas treatment, etc.

　　生物脫硫的第二種工藝是懸浮生長(zhǎng)法脫硫，這種工藝則需要配套專(zhuān)門(mén)的漿液池，類(lèi)似于濕法脫硫中的塔外循環(huán)模式。其核心邏輯是將脫硫微生物懸浮在脫硫漿液中，漿液儲(chǔ)存在專(zhuān)門(mén)的漿液池內(nèi)，通過(guò)循環(huán)泵將含微生物的漿液打入脫硫塔內(nèi)的噴淋層，與廢氣充分接觸，微生物代謝去除硫化物后，漿液再流回漿液池循環(huán)使用，形成完整的循環(huán)體系。

　　The second process of biological desulfurization is suspension growth desulfurization, which requires a dedicated slurry tank, similar to the tower external circulation mode in wet desulfurization. The core logic is to suspend desulfurization microorganisms in desulfurization slurry, store the slurry in a dedicated slurry pool, and inject the slurry containing microorganisms into the spray layer of the desulfurization tower through a circulation pump, fully contacting with the exhaust gas. After the microorganisms metabolize and remove sulfides, the slurry flows back to the slurry pool for recycling, forming a complete circulation system.

　　配套漿液池的懸浮生長(zhǎng)法脫硫，最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)就是清渣方便、可在線維護(hù)。脫硫過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的硫單質(zhì)等產(chǎn)物會(huì)沉淀在漿液池底部，無(wú)需停機(jī)，即可通過(guò)漿液池的排渣裝置進(jìn)行清理，避免產(chǎn)物堆積影響脫硫效率；同時(shí)，若需要補(bǔ)充微生物、調(diào)整營(yíng)養(yǎng)液配比，或檢修循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，均可在不停機(jī)的情況下完成，不會(huì)影響生產(chǎn)的連續(xù)性。但它也存在明顯的短板，占地面積較大，需要額外建設(shè)漿液池，且漿液在循環(huán)過(guò)程中容易受到外界污染，需要加強(qiáng)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)和維護(hù)，運(yùn)行成本相對(duì)更高。

　　The biggest advantage of the suspended growth desulfurization method with a matching slurry pool is its convenient slag removal and online maintenance. The sulfur and other products generated during the desulfurization process will settle at the bottom of the slurry pool, and can be cleaned through the slag discharge device of the slurry pool without stopping the machine to avoid the accumulation of products affecting the desulfurization efficiency; At the same time, if it is necessary to supplement microorganisms, adjust nutrient solution ratios, or overhaul the circulation system, it can be completed without stopping the machine, without affecting the continuity of production. But it also has obvious shortcomings, occupying a large area and requiring the construction of additional slurry tanks. Moreover, the slurry is easily contaminated by external factors during the circulation process, requiring strengthened water quality monitoring and maintenance, resulting in relatively higher operating costs.

　　很多人會(huì)疑惑，同樣是生物脫硫，為何要分為有漿液池和無(wú)漿液池兩種工藝？其實(shí)核心是適配不同的使用場(chǎng)景和需求。對(duì)于場(chǎng)地緊張、追求低成本、對(duì)停機(jī)維護(hù)接受度較高的企業(yè)，無(wú)漿液池的生物膜法脫硫是更優(yōu)選擇；而對(duì)于生產(chǎn)連續(xù)性要求高、硫化物濃度較高、需要頻繁清渣的企業(yè)，配套漿液池的懸浮生長(zhǎng)法脫硫則更貼合需求。這與傳統(tǒng)濕法脫硫中塔內(nèi)、塔外循環(huán)的選擇邏輯一致，都是基于實(shí)際場(chǎng)景的個(gè)性化適配。

　　Many people may wonder why there are two types of processes for biological desulfurization: those with slurry tanks and those without slurry tanks? In fact, the core is to adapt to different usage scenarios and requirements. For enterprises with limited space, pursuit of low cost, and high acceptance of downtime maintenance, biofilm desulfurization without slurry pool is a better choice; For enterprises that require high production continuity, high sulfide concentration, and frequent slag cleaning, the suspended growth desulfurization method with a matching slurry pool is more in line with their needs. This is consistent with the selection logic of internal and external circulation in traditional wet flue gas desulfurization, which is based on personalized adaptation to actual scenarios.

　　相較于傳統(tǒng)濕法脫硫，生物脫硫的兩大工藝無(wú)論是否需要漿液池，都有著顯著的優(yōu)勢(shì)。它無(wú)需大量使用堿性脫硫劑，減少了脫硫劑的浪費(fèi)和副產(chǎn)物的產(chǎn)生，從根源上降低了二次污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；同時(shí)，微生物代謝過(guò)程溫和，對(duì)設(shè)備的腐蝕性小，能有效延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備使用壽命，長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行成本更低。此外，生物脫硫的脫硫效率高，能精準(zhǔn)去除廢氣中的硫化物，滿足嚴(yán)格的環(huán)保排放要求，適配多種廢氣處理場(chǎng)景。

　　Compared to traditional wet desulfurization, the two major processes of biological desulfurization have significant advantages regardless of whether a slurry tank is required. It does not require a large amount of alkaline desulfurizer, reducing the waste of desulfurizer and the generation of by-products, and fundamentally reducing the risk of secondary pollution; At the same time, the microbial metabolism process is mild, with low corrosiveness to equipment, which can effectively extend the service life of equipment and lower long-term operating costs. In addition, biological desulfurization has high desulfurization efficiency and can accurately remove sulfides from exhaust gas, meeting strict environmental emission requirements and adapting to various exhaust gas treatment scenarios.

　　值得注意的是，無(wú)論是有漿液池還是無(wú)漿液池的生物脫硫工藝，都需要注重微生物的養(yǎng)護(hù)和工藝參數(shù)的控制。微生物的活性直接決定脫硫效率，因此需要定期監(jiān)測(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)液的pH值、溫度、溶解氧等參數(shù)，確保微生物處于最佳代謝狀態(tài)；對(duì)于有漿液池的工藝，還需要定期清理漿液池內(nèi)的沉淀物，防止管道堵塞、影響循環(huán)效率；無(wú)漿液池的工藝，則需要定期檢查生物膜的狀態(tài)，及時(shí)補(bǔ)充微生物或更換填料。

　　It is worth noting that both biological desulfurization processes with and without slurry tanks require attention to the maintenance of microorganisms and control of process parameters. The activity of microorganisms directly determines the desulfurization efficiency, so it is necessary to regularly monitor the pH value, temperature, dissolved oxygen and other parameters of the nutrient solution to ensure that microorganisms are in the optimal metabolic state; For processes with slurry tanks, it is necessary to regularly clean the sediment in the tank to prevent pipeline blockage and affect circulation efficiency; The process without a slurry tank requires regular inspection of the status of the biofilm, timely replenishment of microorganisms or replacement of fillers.

　　總結(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)，生物脫硫作為濕法脫硫的綠色衍生技術(shù)，其是否需要配套漿液池，取決于自身的工藝類(lèi)型——生物膜法無(wú)需漿液池，占地小、成本低但需停機(jī)維護(hù)；懸浮生長(zhǎng)法需配套漿液池，可在線維護(hù)、清渣方便但占地較大。兩種工藝各有優(yōu)劣，核心是適配不同企業(yè)的場(chǎng)地條件、生產(chǎn)需求和環(huán)保要求。不同于傳統(tǒng)濕法脫硫的酸堿中和，生物脫硫依托微生物代謝實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色脫硫，既解決了傳統(tǒng)脫硫的環(huán)保痛點(diǎn)，又通過(guò)兩種工藝的差異化設(shè)計(jì)，滿足了不同場(chǎng)景的使用需求，成為當(dāng)下環(huán)保脫硫領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)選技術(shù)之一。

　　In summary, as a green derivative technology of wet flue gas desulfurization, whether biological desulfurization requires a slurry tank depends on its own process type - biofilm method does not require a slurry tank, occupies a small area, has low cost but requires shutdown maintenance; The suspended growth method requires a slurry tank, which can be maintained online and has convenient slag cleaning, but it occupies a large area. Both processes have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the core is to adapt to the site conditions, production needs, and environmental protection requirements of different enterprises. Unlike the acid-base neutralization of traditional wet desulfurization, biological desulfurization relies on microbial metabolism to achieve green desulfurization, which not only solves the environmental pain points of traditional desulfurization, but also meets the usage needs of different scenarios through the differentiated design of the two processes, becoming one of the preferred technologies in the current field of environmental desulfurization.